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MANUAL   TRAINING    REPRINTS 


SERIES  A 


NUMBER  3 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS 


BY 


GEORGE  A.  SEATON 


THE  MANUAL  ARTS  PRESS 

PEORIA,  ILLINOIS 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS 

Edited  by  CHARLES  A   BENNETT, 
Professor  of  Manual  Arts,  Bradley  Polytechnic  Institute,  Peoria,  Illinois 

SERIES  A  NUMBER  3 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS 

BY 

GEORGE  A.  SEATON 

Director  of  Manual  Training,  Shaw  High  School,  Cleveland,  Ohio 


THE  MANUAL  ARTS  PRESS 

PEORIA,  ILLINOIS 


COPYRIGHT 

THE  MANUAL  ARTS  PRESS 
1910 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS. 

The  persistent  demand  for  certain  numbers  of  the  MANUAL  TRAIN- 
ING MAGAZINE  has  made  it  evident  to  the  publishers  that  some  of  the 
articles  in  these  numbers  ought  to  be  reprinted  and  sold  at  such  a  price 
as  will  enable  teachers  to  purchase  them  in  quantities  for  use  in  their 
classes.  Moreover,  it  is  believed  that  from  time  to  time  in  the  future, 
the  Magazine  will  publish  articles  which,  owing  to  their  special  value, 
ought  to  be  reprinted  soon  after  they  appear  in  the  Magazine. 

To  supply  this  evident  need  the  Manual  Training  Reprints  have  been 
planned  and  will  be  issued  at  regular  intervals  as  the  demand  may 
warrant.  These  will  be  arranged  in  two  series  as  follows : 

Series  A. — Illustrated  articles  of  special  practical  value  for  class  use. 

Series  B. — Discussions  having  special,  permanent  value,  or  such  as  supply 
needed  data  to  directors  of  manual  training  and  to  students  preparing  to  be- 
come teachers. 

The  following  scale  of  prices,  which  will  be  uniform  for  all  the  Reprints, 
has  been  adopted: 

Single  copy,  postpaid  20  cents. 

12  copies  in  one  package  $2.00 

25  copies  in  one  package  3.50 

50  copies  in  one  package  6.50 

100  copies  in  one  package   12.00 

The  price  on  number  of  copies  between  those  given  in  the  above  list  will 
be  at  the  rate  of  the  next  smaller  number  of  copies  in  the  list.  For  example,  6 
copies  will  cost  $1.20;  35  copies  will  cost  $4.90.  But  as  all  the  reprints  are  sold 
at  the  same  price,  one  may  select  from  all  the  titles  that  are  published  in  mak- 
ing up  an  order  of  a  given  number. 

REPRINTS  NOW  READY  FOR  DISTRIBUTION. 

SERIES  A. 

No.  1.  The  Construction  and  Flying  of  Kites.  By  C.  M.  Miller,  Assistant 
Supervisor  of  Manual  Training,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

No.  2.  Coping  Saw  Work.  By  Ben  W.  Johnson,  Supervisor  of  Manual 
Training,  Seattle,  Washington. 

No.  3.  Selected  Shop  Problems.  By  George  A.  Seaton.  Director  of  Man- 
ual Training,  Shaw  High  School,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

2H34626 


INTRODUCTION. 

THIS  collection  of  problems  in  woodworking  has  been  made  to 
meet  the  needs  of  busy  teachers  of  manual  training.     They  have 
all   been  selected   from   the   Shop   Problems   Department  of   the 
Manual  Training  Magazine ;  the  text  has  been  revised,  and  several  new 
pen  sketches  added.     In  this  form  they  are  quite  sure  to  be  welcomed 
by  progressive  teachers  who  are  looking  for  good  problems  for  their 
classes.    Each  problem  has  been  put  to  the  test  and  has  proven  satisfac- 
tory to  the  teacher  who  designed  it  and  the  pupil  who  made  it. 

Most  of  the  problems  have  all  the  working  dimensions  given,  but  a 
few  of  them — for  example,  the  simple  stool,  the  tabouret,  and  the  tie 
rack — need  either  to  have  some  dimensions  supplied  by  the  pupil  or  they 
invite  thoughtful  modification  by  him.  In  this  way  the  collection  aims 
to  meet  a  great  variety  of  needs.  — THE  EDITOR. 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS 


PADDED  STOOL.     (PLATE  1.) 

A  PROJECT  which  never  fails  to  interest  the  boys  and  one  of 
which  they  are  sure  to  be  proud  when  it  is  completed  is  the  little 
footstool.     As  shown  with  dowel  joints  it  is  very  easy  to  con- 
stiuct  and  very  serviceable.     If  preferred,  it  can  be  made  with  the  mor- 
tise-and-tenon  joint  in  place  of  the  dowel  joint.     Another  change  that 
might  be  made  is  the  using  of  cleats  to  support  the  top  board  instead  of 
rabbeting  the  rails.     The  top  of  the  posts  can  be  given  a  number  of  dif- 
ferent shapes  according  to  the  ability  of  the  worker. 

'The  upholstering  takes  considerable  care  to  be  a  success.     Genuine 
leather  may  be  used  as  a  cover  or  one  of  the  imitation  leathers,  of  which 

that  known  as  Chase  leather  is  excellent. 
If  this  is  used  as  shown  in  the  drawing,  go- 
ing clear  over  the  rails,  a  piece  about  16  by 
20  inches  will  be  needed.  Instead  of  doing 
this  a  piece  about  11  by  15  inches  may  be 
used  and  brought  down  but  a  half  inch  over 
the  rails.  In  this  case  it  will  be  necessary  to 

finish  the  edge  with  a  piece  of  gimp.  For  padding  either  tow,  moss  or 
curled  hair  may.  be  used  and  the  amount  will  depend  upon  the  material. 
From  a  half  pound  of  tow  to  three-fourths  of  a  pound  of  curled  hair  will 
be  ample.  The  first  step  will  be  to  lay  a  stick  about  an  inch  thick  length- 
wise of  the  stool  on  the  rails.  Over  this  is  stretched  a  piece  of  muslin  1 1 
by  15  inches  which  is  temporarily  tacked  in  place  along  the  upper  edge  of 
the  long  rails.  The  stick  can  now  be  removed  and  the  padding  forced  in 
from  both  ends  until  the  top  is  neatly  rounded  into  shape.  A  tack  is 
first  placed  in  the  center  of  each  of  the  shorter  sides  which  may  now  be 
trcked  in  place  by  working  from  the  center  toward  the  corners.  Any 
large  lumps  in  the  top  can  be  removed  by  loosening  the  tacks  on  the  long 
sides  and  stretching  the  muslin  tighter  over  the  lumps.  The  corners  are 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS. 

the  last  to  be  tacked  in  place  and  can  be  fitted  by  making  a  45-degree 
cut  just  far  enough  in  from  the  outside  corner  to  make  a  tight  fit  around 
the  post.  Care  must  be  taken  to  get  plenty  of  padding  in  the  corners. 
All  tacks  may  now  be  driven  home  and  the  leather  put  in  place  much 
like  the  muslin,  working  from  the  center  of  the  sides  toward  the  corners. 
The  leather  is  held  in  place  by  ordinary  tacks  driven  in  the  under  edge 
of  the  rails,  or  along  the  upper  edge  of  the  rails  where  the  leather  does 
not  cover  them.  Any  extra  leather  should  be  trimmed  off  with  sharp 
knife  and  the  large  gimp  tacks  put  in  for  ornament.  Where  it  is  de- 
sired to  have  the  top  especially  smooth  and  free  from  bumps  some  cotton 
batten  should  be  placed  under  the  leather. 


SIMPLE  STOOL.     (PLATE  2.) 

A  stool  which  will  prove  very  pleasing  and  is  so  simple  that  it  can 
readily  be  made  in  the  eighth  grade,  or  possibly  even  in  a  lower  grade,  is 

shown  in  Plate  2.  By  the  use  of 
dowel  rods  for  the  cross  strip  it  is 
possible  to  do  away  with  the  cus- 
tomary mortise  and  replace  it 
with  a  simple  bored  hole.  The 
top  is  woven  from  what  is  known 
as  "binding"  which  comes  in  long 
twists  like  rattan  and  is  pulled 
out  in  the  same  way  from  the 

loop  end.  One  twist  is  sufficient  to  cover  three  stools  and  costs  thirty- 
five  cents.  The  winding  should  be  completed  lengthwise  first  and  should 
not  be  drawn  absolutely  taut  as  the  cross  weaving  tightens  the  work  con- 
siderably. The  design  can  be  worked  out  in  the  cross  weaving,  "under 
and  over."  No  needle  is  necessary  and  the  binding  may  be  used  without 
any  preliminary  soaking.  Splicing  is  done  by  the  use  of  small  brass  rings. 
For  stronger  workers  what  is  known  as  very  fine  cane  makes  a  satisfac- 
tory seat,  and  rush  can  also  be  used  with  success. 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS. 


CROSS   WEAVING   DESIGN    FOR   STOOL. 


SHOWING  THE   METHOD  OF  WEAVING 
THE    SIDES. 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS. 
FRAME  AND  PLATE  RAIL.     (PLATE  3.) 

Among  the  exhibits  of  interest  at  the  last  manual  training  convention 
was  shown  the  combined  frame  and  plate  rail  from  the  Cleveland  schools. 

The  construction  is  comparatively 
simple  for  a  design  so  pleasing. 
As  shown  in  the  working  draw- 
ing, no  particular  type  of  joint  is 
indicated.  This  can  best  be  adapt- 
ed to  the  abilities  of  the  students 
undertaking  the  work.  The  top 
shelf  is  generally  made  with  three 
narrow  grooves  for  supporting 

the  plates,  though  the  model  looks  very  well  where  serving  simply  for  a 
picture  frame. 

TABOURET.     (  PLATE  4. ) 


Walter  M.  Mohr's  article  on  the  "Dec- 
orated Shop  Model"  (1905  Year  Book  of 
Council  of  Supervisors  of  the  Manual  Arts) 
suggested  the  lines  of  the  tabouret  shown, 
though  the  dimensions  given  are  those  used 
in  East  Cleveland.  This  makes  an  excellent 
application  of  the  mortise-and-tenon  joint 
and  can  be  modified  by  using  four  legs  in- 
stead of  two. 


TIE  RACK.     (PLATE  5.) 

It  is  always  difficult  to  find  a 

, _r-__._^         problem  which  is  simple  enough  for 

the  student  taking  his  first  steps  in 
woodworking  yet  which  has  suffi- 
cient beauty  to  make  it  worth 
while.  W.  E.  Roberts  of  Cleveland  provides  an  attractive  model  and 
one  w^hich  is  capable  of  infinite  change  by  pleasing  modifications  of  the 
outlines  of  the  ends  of  the  back.  It  will  be  surprising  what  variety  may 
be  obtained  in  this  one  model  from  a  class. 


111 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS. 


BOOK  AND  MAGAZINE  RACK.     (PLATE  6.) 

The  pleasant  room  furnished  with  the  work  of  the  manual  training 
students  of  Cleveland  will  be  remembered  by  all  who  visited  the  Board 

of  Education  headquarters  during  the  meet- 
ing  of 'the  National  Education  Association. 
Among  the  other  attractive  models  was  the 
little  rack  laden  with  magazines  of  interest 
and  displaying  a  row  of  books  with  titles 
familiar  to  all  teachers  of  manual  training. 
The  placing  of  the  magazine  shelf  and  also 
the  trough  for  the  books  made  possible  the 
reading  of  the  titles  without  stopping  to 
examine  the  books,  while  the  handholes  at 

the  top  not  only  allowed  the  rack  to  be  carried  from  place  to  place  but 
also  served  as  just  the  right  touch  of  ornamentation  to  relieve  the  plain  • 
ness  of  the  sides. 

SLEEVE  BOARD.     (PLATE  7.) 

The  sleeve  board  will  find  its 
greatest  use  if  it  be  provided  with 
some  sort  of  base.  These  two  may 
be  permanently  fastened  together 
or  the  board  may  be  hinged  to  the 
base.  According  to  Allison  P. 

Ball  of  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  who  has  sent  in  the  sketch,  the  hinged 
board  seems  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  mothers,  than  whom  we  have  no 
better  critics. 

FOLDING  BOOK  RACK.     (PLATE  8.) 

A  design  that  appeals  because  of 
its  ingenuity  is  the  folding  book-rack 
sent  in  by  Frederick  B.  Riggs  of  San- 
tee,   Nebraska.    The  hinge  which   is 
cut  from  26  gauge  sheet  brass  makes 
it  possible  to  fold  the  rack  into  com- 
pact form  for  traveling.    The  hinge  is  put  on  with  ^-inch  No.  6  round 
head  brass  screws. 

11 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS. 


STEP  LADDER.     (  PLATE  9. ) 

There  is  little  that  need  be  said  in  regard  to  the  construction  of  the 
simple  step  -ladder,  which  is  from  the  design  of  Philip  S.  Hasty  of  the 
Isadore  Newman  Manual  Training  School  of  New  Orleans.  The  en- 
tire end  of  each  step  is  let  into  the  sides  of  the  ladder  as  shown.  The  best 
cross  braces  for  the  back  are  made  from  y2  inch 
or  24  mcn  dowel  rods,  which  must  be  wedged 
and  glued  into  place.  A  small  pin  should  be  put 
thru  the  lower  dowel  rod  just  inside  the  side 
braces  to  prevent  these  from  sliding  while  still 
allowing  them  to  turn.  The  notch  at  the  front 
end  of  the  side  braces  drops  over  short  pins 
which  are  wedged  and  glued  into  the  sides  of 
the  ladder.  Nails  and  glue  are  used  for  fasten- 
ing thruout. 

CORNER  CLOTHES  HANGER. 

(PLATE  10.) 

Those  of  us  who  must  dwell  in  the  city  with 
its  flats  and  small  modern  houses  will  be  quick 
to  appreciate  the  worth  of  the  corner  clothes  hanger  which  has  been 
planned  by  Hans  Schmidt  of  St.  Paul.  Its  convenience  and  ease  of  con- 
struction should  make  it  a  popular  project. 

SMALL  WALL  CABINET.     (PLATE  11.) 

As  an  example  of  cabinet  con- 
struction the  small  wall  cabinet 
made  in  Mr.  Weick's  classes  at 
Columbia  University  furnishes  an 
interesting  illustration.  Consider- 
able opportunity  for  choice  on  the 
part  of  the  student  is  offered  as  the 
dimensions  given  are  merely  sug- 
gestive. Ordinarily  the  necessary 
stock  is  issued  to  the  students  and 
they  are  allowed  to  cut  it  down 
to  suit  their  own  ideas,  the  only 
point  insisted  upon  being  the  meth- 

12 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS. 


od  of  construction.  The  shaping  of  the  bottom  of  the  sides  and  the 
corner  blocks  can  be  made  a  problem  in  design,  while  most  interesting 
of  all  is  the  designing  and  making  suitable  hinges  and  door  pull  or 
escutcheon  from  sheet  brass.  If  care  is  exercised  in  the  design,  it  will 
be  found  possible  to  make  the  hinges  with  the  simplest  of  tools.  A 
point  worthy  of  notice  in  this  model  is  the  use  of  re-inforcing  corner 
blocks  at  every  opportunity.  Small  triangular  blocks,  not  shown  in  the 
drawing,  may  be  used  inside  of  the  cupboard,  and  if  sawed  off  the  right 
length  will  serve  as  a  stop  for  the  door.  The  tongue  on  the  door  rails 
is  made  just  long  enough  to  fit  into  the  panel  groove  on  the  stiles.  To 
strengthen  this  joint  two  quarter-inch  dowels  are  used  at  every  corner. 

SMALL  TABLE.     (PLATE  12.) 

A  project  always  full  of  interest 
to  the  high  school  boy  is  the  construc- 
tion of  a  small  table.  The  one  shown 
is  pleasing  because  of  its  very  simplic- 
ity. Its  simple  lines  are  capable  of 
modification  to  suit  the  taste  of  the 
maker.  The  under  side  of  the  cross 
pieces  might  be  given  a  slight  curve 
and  the  tenons  could  be  allowed  to 
project  thru  the  legs  about  an  eighth 
of  an  inch.  The  design  is  by  William 
E.  Roberts  of  Cleveland. 

LIBRARY  TABLE.     (PLATE  13.) 

Among  the  larger  pieces  of  furniture  that  can  be  undertaken  by  high 
school  boys,  there  is  nothing  which  is  so  elemental  in  its  construction 

and  yet  so  satisfactory  when  com- 
pleted as  the  type  of  library  table 
which  is  here  illustrated.  As  shown 
in  the  drawing  there  is  no  drawer, 
but  this  might  easily  be  added  if 
thought  desirable.  No  method  of 
fastening  the  top  in  place  in  indi- 
cated and  this  in  itself  should  form 


MANUAL  TRAINING  REPRINTS. 

a  problem  that  would  set  the  boys  investigating.     On  a  table  of  this  size 
possibly  the  best  method  would  be  the  use  of  the  regular  angle  irons 

which  are  sold  for  the  purpose.  If 
the  materials  already  at  hand  are  to 
be  used,  small  L-shaped  pieces  of 
wood  can  be  made  having  one  end 
of  the  L  fitted  into  a  small  mortise 
in  the  side  rails  and  the  other  end 
screwed  to  the  under  side  of  the  top.  In  this  way  the  tighter  the  screw 
is  urged,  the  closer  will  be  the  fit  between  the  top  and  side  rails.  The 
design  is  by  William  E.  Roberts  of  Cleveland. 


HALL  TREE.     (PLATE  14.) 

The  drawing  for  the  hall  tree  or  costumer  is  from 
Hans  W.  Schmidt  of  St.  Paul.  As  suggested  in  the 
note  on  the  drawing,  the  hangers  may  be  of  either  metai 
or  wood.  Perhaps  the  wooden  pegs  may  appeal  as  be- 
ing more  in  harmony  with  the  design,  though  metal 
hangers  are  apt  to  prove  more  practical. 


BOOK  CASE.     (PLATE  15.) 

In  harmony  with  some  of  the  other  fur- 
niture designs  contributed  by  William  E. 
Roberts  of  Cleveland,  is  the  bookcase  shown 
herewith.  This  also  is  by  Mr.  Roberts.  The 
main  dimensions  alone  have  been  indicated 
and  the  others  may  be  varied  to  suit  condi- 
tions. The  door  which  is  shown  may  also 
be  omitted  should  the  maker  be  lacking  in 
the  necessary  time  or  skill. 


14 


SELECTED  SHOP  PROBLEMS. 


DESK.     (PLATE  16.) 

Where  a  small  desk  is  desired  nothing  will 
prove  more  satisfactory  than  the  one  which  has 
been  designed  by  William  E.  Roberts  of  Cleve- 
land, after  a  craftsman  pattern.  The  very 
simplest  of  outlines  have  been  shown  but  these 
can  be  varied  in  a  number  of  different  ways. 
The  usual  pigeonholes  are  omitted  because  the 
desk  is  so  shallow.  In  their  place  are  a  couple 
of  pockets  just  hinted  at  by  the  dotted  lines  of 
the  end  view. 


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PLATE  15. 


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PLATE  16. 


Books  on  the  Manual  Arts 


NING  WOODWORK.  At  Home  and  in  School.  By  Clinton 
Sheldon  Van  Deusen;  illustrated  by  Edwin  Victor  Lawrence. 
Price,  $1.00. 

ESSENTIALS  OF   WOODWORKING.     By   Ira   S.   Griffith;   illustrated 
by  Edwin  Victor  Lawrence.     Price,  $1.00. 

PROBLEMS   IN    WOODWORKING.      By    M.    W.    Murray.      Price, 

75  cents. 

PROBLEMS  IN  FURNITURE  MAKING.    By   Fred  D.   Crawshaw. 
Price,  $1.00. 

PROBLEMS  IN  WOOD-TURNING,     By  Fred  D.  Crawshaw.     Price, 
80  cents. 

PROBLEMS  IN  MECHANICAL  DRAWING.   By  Charles  A.  Bennett, 
With  drawings  by  Fred  D.  Crawshaw.     Price,  $1.00. 

WOODWORK  FOR  SCHOOLS  ON  SCIENTIFIC  LINES.    By  James 
Thomas  Bailey  and  S.  Pollitt.     Price,  75  cents. 

CLAY  WORK.     By  Katherine  Morris  Lester.     Price,  $1.00. 

SIMPLIFIED    MECHANICAL    PERSPECTIVE.      By    Frank  Forrest 
Frederick.     Price,  75  cents. 

THE  WASH  METHOD  OF  HANDLING  WATER  COLOUR.    By  Frank 
Forrest  Frederick.     Price,  50  cents. 

CLASSROOM   PRACTICE   IN   DESIGN.      By   James   Parton    Haney 
Price,  50  cents. 

SEND   FOR   ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE, 


THE  MANUAL  ARTS  PRESS 

PEORIA,  ILLINOIS 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


100 

NOV  29  1915 
MAR  11 1916 


'}  LD 

1963 


APH 
24 


JW.261M' 

a 


3F- 


30m-l,'l 


